Question
you will determine the sampling methods for your theoretical research study and create a formal questionnaire.
Research question: Are diabetes patients more prone to glaucoma than patients who do not have diabetes?
Restate the research question you have chosen.
Identify your sample population and brainstorm questions that will illicit clear responses from your population based on your study question.
Write 3–4 paragraphs about your sampling methods.
Create a formal questionnaire with 15–20 questions.
The questionnaire should contain a proper survey introduction. The introductory paragraph should provide information on the topic of the study, its purpose, and include a confidentiality statement.
Use at least three different types of survey questions in the questionnaire. Some of the most common types are: close-ended, rating scale, Likert-type, multiple choice, rank order, and open-ended.
Solution
Sampling Methods and a Formal Questionnaire
Research question: Are diabetes patients more prone to glaucoma than patients who do not have diabetes?
Sampling Methods
The sample population for the study is individuals who have diabetes because it is the focus of the study. The research will be conducted in a hospital with a center for the treatment of diabetes. Thus, patients with a diabetes diagnosis for the past six months and receiving treatment at the center will be engaged in the study to establish the risk and potential of developing glaucoma. Notably, only individuals with diabetes will be engaged in the study, which makes the population and the study setting appropriate. Diabetic patients are at a considerably high risk of developing glaucoma (Zhao & Chen, 2017). The condition is known to add pressure in the eye. Thus, the researcher should focus on patients who have received a positive diagnosis of the condition from a healthcare facility.
The facility records provide a total of 96 patients who have received a positive diagnosis for diabetes in the past six months and are receiving treatment. However, a researcher cannot conduct the study in a setting with a large population because it caters to the needs of individuals with diabetes. A sample will be obtained from the population to infer the findings for the population as long as the sample is representative (Etikan & Bala, 2017). The study will be conducted in a diabetes facility, which means that all participants will be diabetic patients. Therefore, the researcher can use a probability sampling method to select the sample for the study.
A probability sampling method applies when the chances of each participant to be engaged in the sample is equal. Given that each person has the same chance of being included in the study, the researcher should be careful not to exclude anyone knowingly, as Elfil and Negida (2017) suggest. Thus, the study will use a random sampling method to get a sample. The sampling method will pick a total of 30 participants who will complete the questionnaire. Given that it will be difficult to find all patients, especially those receiving outpatient care, the researcher will use an online survey to be filled at home and posted back online.
References
Elfil, M., & Negida, A. (2017). Sampling methods in clinical research; an educational review. Emergency, 5(1), 1-5
Etikan, I., & Bala, K. (2017). Sampling and sampling methods. Biometrics & Biostatistics International Journal, 5(6), 00149.
Zhao, Y-X. & Chen, X-W. (2017). Diabetes and risk of glaucoma: Systematic review and a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. International Journal of Ophthalmology, 10(9), 1430-1435.
Questionnaire
Name of interviewee：____________ Code of interviewee：_______________
Address ：______District _____Town (Subdistrict)_____
Community _________________ Name of Interviewer: ________________
Name of Supervisor: _________________
Informed Consent Form
You are invited to participate in a study to establish the risk and prevalence of glaucoma among diabetic patients. The informed consent form contains some information about the study. Kindly ensure that you read the form carefully before signing it to understand the focus of the study and your rights as a participant.
The primary focus of the study is to establish the risk and prevalence of glaucoma among diabetic patients. The survey will be completed online, which will be a 10-20 minutes process. The information from the study will only be used for the purpose of the research and not commercial interests. Thus, all the information obtained from the client will remain confidential and not disclosed to any person outside the study group without your consent.
The study is voluntary, and it is completely up to you if you want to participate. In case of any questions about the study, feel free to ask the researcher. You are also free to exit the study any time you feel like. If you agree, kindly sign your name below.
- Age _________________
- Gender __M__F
- Race Mexican American __________________
Nonhispanic White___________________
Nonhispanic Black____________________
Other _____________________________
- Education
(1) No formal education
(2) Primary school
(3) Junior high school
(4) Senior high school and higher
(5) College and university education
- When you were diagnosed with diabetes? ___________________
- How old were you when you tested positive for diabetes? (Tick one)
- 0-10 years
- 11-20 years
- 21-30 years
- 31-40 years
- 41-50 years
- 51-60 years
- Ove 61 years
- Any complications of diabetes?________________________________________
- Have you taken an eye test in the recent past? __Yes __No
- If yes, do you have any complications related to the eyes? __Yes __No
- Have you been diagnosed with glaucoma? __Yes __No
- If yes, do you agree that diabetes is the cause of the glaucoma?
Strongly agree ____ agree ____ neutral _____ disagree_______ strongly disagree _____
- Are receiving any treatment for glaucoma? __Yes __No
If yes, has the treatment been effective in managing the glaucoma symptoms?
If no, do you agree that diabetes management is improving the glaucoma symptoms?
Strongly agree ____ agree ____ neutral _____ disagree_______ strongly disagree _____
- Do you do regular exercise? __Yes __No . About how many times weekly? _____ Types of exercise__________________________________________________
Usual time of day and length of time:__________________________________
- Do you check your blood sugar? ___ Yes ___No Type of meter____________ How often? ________________________________________________________
- Has there been any relationship between sugar levels and the presenting eye problem?
if yes, explain.
Thank you for participating in the study.
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