Introduction
Traditional business models initiate dpolicies related to job security and occupational benefits. Employee and customers in such business arrangement experienced challenges, such as restricted working hours, professional bureaucracies in ordering and delivery,. However, “online two-sided platforms” provide a progressive approach that focus on efficient and timely service delivery to potential customers. For instance, Uber disrupts the operations in the transportation sector, by ensuring that the business approach meets the customers’ needs when and how they require them (Teixeira, Brown, & Lopez- Lengowsk, 2018). Accordingly, Airbnb remodeled its approach to real estate and properties by providing an innovative model that enabled customers to access services using unique approaches. According to Kosintceva (2016), the growth of the big data analytics sector, cloud internet, and the contemporary payment platforms, including mobile money and other online payment platform, such as PayPal, have revolutionized services sector. Thus, as Uber provides taxi related services, Airbnb manages property bookings, while several other business ideas such as Fiverr and Upwork provides a unique platform to access services for both buyers and sellers through marketing strategies. Additionally the platforms spend significantly on research and development to ensure potential customers access envisaged products or services. Although traditional work structures have enhanced job security and access to work based incentives, such as paid leave, over time, and compassionate allowances among others, the contemporary business models provide unique approaches for customer to access their unique products or service through enhanced efficiency and quality, devoid of paper work bureaucracies, intermediaries, and logistical costs.
Background Information
Online commerce has experienced significant growth and enhanced adoption levels among the global population. On-demand commerce companies continue to improve service delivery through innovative systems that advance customer satisfaction and boost accessibility to services. Donovan, Bradley, and Shimabukuru (2016) explain that on-demand companies provide a platform that is based on innovative apps and technological models to render services to prospecting consumers. According to the authors, the platform provides cost reduction systems, such as operating costs, logistics, entry requirements, and allows workers to experience more flexibility in service hours. The gig economy provides an opportunity for innovative product or services marketing and distribution.
The progressive nature of the “online two-sided platforms” has led to difficulty in the regulatory environment and customer services. Donovan et al. (2016) illustrate that the gig economy provides an advantage for underemployed workers to access gainful opportunities. Further, the authors exemplify that the platforms have implications for workers based on employee protections systems and access to conventional benefit that should accrue to staff. Despite the occasional operational difficulties that have characterized the industry, customers remain the highest beneficiary of the “online two-sided platforms.” The platforms provide an opportunity for customers to engage with service providers before settling commitments for payment. However, one of advantages of the online two-sided platforms is the flexibility and accessibility of the services from any location (Donovan et al., 2016). Accordingly, the model enhances efficiency and acts as an economic growth stimulant to stakeholders such as customers, gig employees, employers across various sectors, and the company facilitating the interactions at the marketplace or platform.
Issues Faced
The online markets have experienced growth in the recent years. The growth of customers in the various online two-sided platforms has redefined the perspectives of customer service and quality. According to Teixeira et al. (2018), Uber, Etsy, and Airbnb attained a million mark in clients’ population due to the efficacy of their business models. Conversely, the growth in the number of customers has also created challenges in marketing and operations, such as meeting customer expectations and dealing with issues such as compensation of different types of damages from insurance companies that occur to customers.
Enhanced internet connectivity across the world has accelerated the business on the virtual platform. Graham, Lehdonvirta, Wood, Barnard, Hjorth, and Simon (2017) illustrate that the development of the global connectivity infrastructure across continents reduce barriers to interactions leading to growth of electronic commerce. In addition, the authors posit that sub Saharan Africa is one of the highest beneficiaries of the gig platform due to enhanced connectivity, which reduces the escalating unemployment level (Graham et al., 2017). The platform also provides a variety of integrated job offers. For instance, an ordinary graphic design task on such platforms develops progressively to a level where a client requests for Photoshop tasks and other related assignments based on the quality and agreement between the provider and the professional (Graham et al., 2017).
Case Analysis
The Airbnb Case
The Airbnb case is an ideal illustration of the modern disruptive business models. According to Teixeira et al. (2018), the enterprise, which started in around 2008, operates in the real-estate sector to match-up clients with short-term lodging needs to investors in the real estate industry. The business model accelerated growth of company from a 1000 clients in 2009 to a million customers in 2011 (Teixeira et al., 2018, p. 1). The growth is attributed to referral from previous clients who express satisfaction of service hence advertise the company’s services to friends and relatives. Accordingly, the founders of the business Chesky and Gebbia sort to improve the quality of photo images utilized to boost property bookings to enhance traffic on the platform (Teixeira et al., 2018). The step demonstrate that customers on a two-sided marketplace are persuaded to buy products or services from a perceptual conviction of photos or through referrals from either friends or relatives. Further, Airbnb as a typical two-sided marketplace, applied value addition models to gain trust and loyalty in the sector. For instance, the company disrupted the ordinary operations of the lodging market by providing homemade breakfast and a spacious lodging, which was beyond the ordinary expectations of clients in various cities. Such steps emboldened customer decision to make listings on the Airbnb platform leading to a million listings.
Although two-sided marketplaces have attained substantial success, the approach also experience occasional operational issues with customers. Among the challenges involded include customer satisfaction and quality of products or services. Liu and Mattila (2017) aver that customer service is a key aspect in managing a business dependent upon referrals, especially on the virtual platform. Accordingly, the authors demonstrate concerns from scholars on the economic impacts, issues of regulation, and other forms of discriminations to customers on the virtual platforms. Although Airbnb model emphasizes on providing a feeling of belonging and a home approach within their hotel leasing, the perception of customer about the services have been diverse (Liu & Mattila, 2017). From the case of Teixeira et al. (2018), complaints from customers about mugging of personal assets are some of the challenges encountered by organizations in a two-sided marketplace. However, the steps taken, including engaging insurance and enhancing protection of personal properties are significant initiatives that enhance stability and growth of the sector.
Etsy Case Analysis
Etsy Case is an ideal example of a “two-sided e-commerce platform” given the nature of its business approach. The business exploits innovative technology to develop third-party applications and tools that support sellers on the platform (Teixeira et al., 2018). The over 150 apps developed for the platform support sellers to access services from buyers who market their products (Teixeira et al., 2018, p. 7). According to Teixeira et al. (2018), the platform offers substitute products to the mainstream market and enhances engagement between buyers and sellers on the networks, leading to improved business. The authors further illustrate that the interactions on Etsy enhanced growth to reach a million clients by 2008. Facts on the Etsy case demonstrate the possibility of talent tapping from varied global destinations to deliver hard to procure services at lower rates. Muhammed (2018) asserts that companies using the gig model save above 20% in labor costs. Organizations receive the advantage of minimizing payroll needs by exploiting the expertise of freelance workers to match them to the needs of customers. Accordingly, the author also illustrate that 92% of millennial are enthusiastic of working remotely. Such opportunities provided by Etsy could benefit the millennia’s and other young people to provide unique services and exploit their talents for the benefit of customers. Muhammed (2018) adds that by embracing the gig models, companies appeal to the “generation z” group, which leads to competitive advantage in the market. Accordingly, the case exemplifies Etsy as a platform enabled to deliver unique goods such as rare zippers or fabrics made to capture customer interest due to enhanced quality and value. Hence, Etsy business models provides customers with an opportunity to interact with creators of unique products and develop customized brands that fits into the demand of the buyers.
Uber Case Analysis
Uber is a dynamic business model that disrupts the operations in the traditional taxi industry. The San Francisco based company is “an online two-sided transportation platform” operated on a mobile app model that links buyers and sellers of transportation services. The application enables potential customers to make requests for trips on the app, which are then routed to nearest independent drivers operating on the platform for pick up (Teixeira et al., 2018). According to Teixeira et al. (2018), the company customer base improved considerably between 2010 and 2012 to reach a million targetand the growth can be attributed to its unique approach facilitated by enhanced efficiency and effectiveness in time management. The authors illustrate the growth strategy of Uber as unique having, avoided the “one-size-fit-for-all” approach to identify the specific city-to-city taxi needs and respond to them using a mobile app tailored to the setting.
According to the founder, Travis Kalanick the Uber model provides an alternative to city transport services through innovative approaches (Teixeira et al., 2018). For instance, engaging individuals who operate taxi business using their own cars enhances quality in service delivery. The founder also demonstrates the uniqueness of the model through designed products acting as accelerants in four categories of weather, sports, holiday or events, and restaurant or nightlife (Teixeira et al., 2018). The Uber model experienced successful application when it was tested in San Francisco city known for limited taxi services, especially during key nights such as New Year. The potential of Uber to disrupt activities in the transportation sector are incumbent on the model it employs to manage the ownership of cars through a new transformative capability. Teixeira et al. (2018) explain Uber’s model from the various perspectives, such as a group of self-drives that deliver people and packages to desired destinations, and a personal logistical company that achieves the desires of the clients. Therefore, Uber is a disruptive technology reliant firm that delivers services that clients requires when and how they require them, ranging from taxi to products distribution services.
Diversification is a business strategy that offers growth to a company. Companies exploit the possibility of product or service diversification to improve service delivery and manage costs related to marketing. The diversification of Uber transport services to Uber ice cream by utilizing the same model for bookings and delivering has enhanced new perspectives in the marketing sector (Teixeira et al., 2018). As the founder explains, it is simpler for individual drivers to receive pop ups on their app and drive to deliver ice cream to customers. As such, it disrupts the delivery industry through efficiency management of clients request since the app identify the nearest Uber to the client for the particular products or service requested.
Competitor Analysis
Competition in business influence innovation, quality and value which sets the expectations of customers’ satisfaction. The gig economy has gained considerable opportunities into the mainstream market due to enhanced customer service. The freelance market infiltrates the operations of large corporations with a stronger technological approach and connections to potential customers (Green, 2018). Muhammed (2018) posits that firms employ the gig strategies to save on employee recruitment costs. Additionally, the model appeals to a higher proportion of emerging and dynamic workforce delivering comparative advantage to adopter companies. As Liu and Mattila (2017) describe, the Airbnb models beat competition by packaging its marketing communications through illustrations of idyllic locations. For example, by utilizing different theme ranges such as “the artist mirrored house, charming castles, and the seashell house on a Mexican island” (Liu and Mattila, 2017), the business gains competitive advantage over the conventional lodging approach. Corrado and Hulten (2010) aver that technological innovation shaped the current economic development from the perspectives of ICT investments and research and development (RD). Accordingly, the authors demonstrate that innovations in product quality are significant attributes that deliver technological changes witnessed to provide better consumer goods in the market.
Employee job satisfaction is an important aspect in product quality that enhance competitive advantage. A study by the McKinsey global Institute elucidate that independent jobs have enhanced levels of autonomy, hence advantaged task-based payment platforms and short term relations between the task operator and the buyers of services (Holden, 2017). According to Holden (2017), individuals who work as agents or casual earners report enhanced satisfaction levels compared to those who undertake assignment based on necessity. Based on the author’s arguments, it is evident that online two-sided platforms have improved quality since providers of service do not engage the tasks as a necessity. Therefore, the level of competition and competitive advantage is enhanced compared to companies that operate traditional employment systems where tasks to be rendered are mandatory to employee, and hence diminished motivation.
Critical Competitor Analysis of Airbnb, Etsy, and Uber platforms
Critical Element | Airbnb | Etsy | Uber |
Unique selling preposition | The company promotes itself as a trusted provider of quality lodging services across the world. | The company promotes itself as a platform that links potential customers to providers of competitive services. | The company project a unique feature of an ideal solution to transport and delivery network within cities across the world. |
Value to prospective customers | Customers access quality homemade services such breakfast away from home. | Customers have various options and expertise to meet unique needs of customers. | Customers access timely taxi and delivery services within their comfortable locations. |
Core competencies | The company has different service themes marketed to its potential customers. | The company has varied skill specialties in different products. | The organization has a variety of taxi products and delivery systems applied in various markets. |
Market positioning | Top | Top | Top |
Market Mix
– Product – Price – Place – Promotion |
Product: Different products and services
Price: Based on the location, size and theme of the property but negotiable with the provider. Place: Online-based mobile app Promotion: Ads and mobile app. |
Product: Variety of products and services
Price: Depends on the Service and negotiation with doer Place: Online based on mobile app Promotion: Ads and by freelance service provider. |
Product: transportation service
Price: Pegged on the distance and time of ride with cost fixed by the platform Place: Online based on mobile app Promotion: Ads by company. |
Strength | Provides a progressive models of booking via virtual or mobile based app. | Several talented professionals are available on the platform for services. | Easy to use mobile app, online service thus easily accessible through downloadable app. |
Weakness | Different rooms and space in various locations, hence varied satisfaction | Mixed service providers both starters and experienced hence inconsistent quality of service | Different drivers who own their cars leading to different quality and make of vehicle. |
Opportunity | Ability to expand to other non-served market. | Accuracy of services and products since payments to freelance operator arescheduled after order delivery. | Growing faster to cover various locations. |
Threats | Innovative online booking offers contemporary 3D simulations when marketing rooms. | Several emerging competitors offering
similar or better service |
Other competitor entrants such as taxify offering cheaper service, whichare more reliable and convenient.
|
Impression in the market | The company is a leading online booking agent of spacious rooms provided with a taste of home service. | The company holds industry leadership in the freelance platform due to its competitive cost strategy. However, since it provides various services, accurate and quality services are not assured. | The company is rated as an industry leader in transportation.
However, it fails to manage payment and tip issues with its drivers offering the services to customers although it remains a strong brand in the market. |
What Options They Have/Had
Players in the freelance business should think strategically and adopt technology to manage the dynamic and growth experienced in the sector. According to Green (2018), the global adoption of the internet connects millions of user who require various services or products to professional freelancers . Utilizing the advantage of worldwide connectivity, two-sided marketplace can influence interactions on their platform to tap the unlinked population for their products and services. According to the author, two-sided marketplace should develop the capacity to analyze customers’ future expectations and deliver a comparative advantage for their operations (Green, 2018). Additionally, given that majority of two-sided platforms have labor challenges between their employees and freelancers working on their platforms, it is significant that aspect that pose such challenges to customers satisfactions are managed timely. De Stefano (2015) explicates that various risks such as casualization of workforce by companies that take all engagement as informal are problem to the online models. The non-standardized forms of job commitment are against international labor expectations (De Stefano, 2015). Hence, players in the freelance sector should mainstream labor and occupational expectations to professionalize the sector. Enterprises, such as Airbnb, Etsy, and Uber among others that operate online platforms for bookings and freelance services have the opportunity to enhance value positioning of their products and services. Furthermore, “two-sided e-commerce platform” are built on competencies of trust, care, and responsibility, which improves customer service and consumer satisfaction. The implementation of such perspectives augments revenue streams leading to growth.
Solutions and Suggestions
“Two-sided e-commerce platform” control the contemporary models of doing business. Organizations are fast adopting changes within their operational models to manage the innovative ways of business. However, professionals and academicians in the labor market have raised concerns over the security of jobs, levels of commitments, and standards of products and service transacted in the platforms. Therefore, such platforms should mainstream labor commitments to deliver worker satisfaction and enhance products and service quality. Although the platforms are reliant upon agreement between potential customer and service provider, a balance of quality and value should be attained. For instance, Uber could enhance professionalism by applying similar standard, class of vehicle, and manage training to all its drivers on the platform. Additionally other platforms such as Etsy doers can be prequalified into categories based on proficiency to deliver quality products to customers.
Conclusion
Conventional work structures have job security and incentives programs that keep employees committed to their expected deliverables. However, the contemporary business models, such as Uber, Airbnb, and Etsy, offer unique approaches to customers without the traditional paper work and contractual agreements. Companies also benefit from the models through reduced operational expenditures and logistical costs. The gig approach manages the escalating global rate of unemployment by providing opportunities to gainful casual employment while exposing various talents. Further, the platforms are a source of income to operators, servce providers, and freelance workers. The platforms help people to access services faster, reliably, and conveniently. Overall, those platforms provide an opportunity to review product before purchase, negotiate, and pay competitive rates based on the quality of the product or reviews provided.
References
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Muhammed, A.,(2018). Four statistics showing how business can benefit from the gig economy. Forbes. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/abdullahimuhammed/2018/07/31/four-statistics-showing-how-business-can-benefit-from-the-gig-economy/#35901e46752f
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