- REPORT 2. This report will address your team’s complete analysis of the two countries selected (the company’s choice and your team’s choice or your team’s two choices if your company did not have a choice) as potential export destinations for your company. This analysis and report should address the following for each country. Note: The list is not an exhaustive list of questions/topics. As you address this section and meet with the companies, additional questions/topics may and will come up. Include them in your analysis.
- The cultural characteristics of each country that may impact your company in doing business in the respective countries.
- The customers/market(s) (who they are, the needs the company fulfills, the nature/differences in the decision-making processes, the potential size of the market, number of different markets per country, etc.)
- The competition (who are they-your team’s assessment and the company’s management’s assessment, determine the competitive advantage the company possesses over the competition and the competitive advantage of the competition—be sure to support your conclusions)
- Management team (Export Experience Required beyond what exists)
- Changes in production capabilities that may be required
- Changes in marketing capabilities and strategies (product, price, promotion, distribution) that may be required.
- Financial requirements required to participate in exporting in each of the countries.
- Additional human capital resources (employees and any special expertise requirements) needed to participate in export activities in each of the countries.
- Differences in environmental variables and how they may/can impact the company in its decision to export (political, economic, technological, legal, etc.)
- Access the potential demand for the product in each country.
West Liberty University Group
Introduction
Production and trade heavily rely on the availability of ready markets. Ready markets are often beyond the borders of the country from which production takes place. In the traditional setting, exports are only seen as goods and services that are ready for use in terms of physical goods and expatriates. However, this constricted view may leave out some crucial items of exchange that get moved from one country to another-skills and knowledge which are exported in entirety. The absolute nature of this kind of export means it does not come back to the exporting country like expatriates do with their skills. The exported product in question is education and the skills therefrom; whether technical or professional. This report and subsequent export marketing strategy considers higher education as an export item. In particular, the report will consider a Masters of Business Administration from West Liberty University in West Virginia in as an export; narrowing down to aspects like its driving factors, it’s historical background, its strategic positioning and the enabling factors that make it sustainable like the market life with regards to competition and how it is managed.
West Liberty University: Mission
Every business that looks to succeed must have a goal in sight. It then walks on a path that leads to that goal. This path is the mission; it defines why the business exists. What is the business there to do? The University has continued to serve its stakeholders under the mission statement and a journey it walks to provide our students the opportunity for a high quality undergraduate, graduate, and professional education through appropriate formats and venues (WLU n.p). This mission mirrors both the target client and the nature of products the institution offers. The focus is on the student as the client and the high quality of education as the product. Further delving, the choice of words in the mission statement places the school as a premier business entity. By incorporating the words opportunity, formats and venues, the institution places itself as an enabler of knowledge transfer and not just an imparter. Students who may not be able to accomplish their quest for knowledge and skills at the University are given an opportunity and a venue to hone their skills for the next endeavor. This way, the University provides opportunities for, and not just education itself.
History of the Company
Founded in 1837, West Liberty University is the oldest institution of higher learning in West Virginia. (WLU n.p) This means that the institution was formed 26 years before the state of West Virginia would be admitted into the Union. West Liberty University is named after the town that hosts it, West Liberty which got its name from its location and the Declaration of Independence. It was formed in the 18th Century and was situated in the westernmost part of the liberty. At the time of its founding, West Liberty was the best choice of an institution that would address the rising need for higher education in the Appalachian ridge.
In 1837, the institution was a private school in the name West Liberty Academy. The institution was renamed to West Liberty State Normal School in 1870 when it was given the mandate to train teachers from the region. This did not mean, however, that it was turned into a Teachers’ College. In fact, it was not until 1931 when the college was made a state teachers college. The mandate would later expand further to a State College in 1943 (WLU n.p). With this, the institution was now able to train in other disciplines beyond just churning out teachers.
The institution was made a University in 2009, West Liberty University. Today, the University is home to more than thousands of students who are in one or another class, pursuing their studies in more than seventy majors. Apart from undergraduate degrees, the University also offers graduate degrees and a number of short professional courses both to national and international students from China and other countries (WLU n.p). It forms a major part of the institutions that export knowledge and skills to the internal market alongside other institutions in the US.
Export Products
Like any other institution of higher learning, WLU deals in knowledge and skills as the main product offering. To create a good market niche, every exporter needs to, at least, specialize in a field or area in which it excels. WLU is known for courses in Business Administration and Management, Health Sciences like Dental Hygiene and Registered Nursing. Owing to its strong history in teacher training, the University prides itself as one of the most preferred institutions for graduate schools in Education as a profession (WLU n.p). In the recent past, WLU has been offering some classes online. One such program offered online is MS in Biology, Zoo Science option which is 100% offered online (WLU n.p). The resultant trajectory for such disciplines will be a rise given the ease of access from other countries. It is worth noting that one of the reasons why there is less enrolment of students from countries like Kuwait in universities abroad is the high cost of living and maintenance. This will be eliminated by the availability of online classes meaning more and more students will enroll at WLU. The services and skills held at the University will be spread across the globe with much ease and at a lower cost.
Experience and Market Share
West Liberty has a good experience in international admissions. International students at WLU made up 3% of the total on-campus student population as of 2019. This translated to 71 international students from other countries spread across the faculties; both in undergraduate and graduate schools (WLU n.p). Since inception as a University, the institution did not export its services until 2014 when it admitted its first lot of international students. The number was 46 then and has steadily been on the rise. Despite the young age compared to its competitors, the institution ranks among the top 1000 Colleges and Universities to international students. This is a show of growth potential in the times to come. Such growth will, however, require a meticulous calculation in terms of product offering and the right market targeting (WLU n.p). This is true in the backdrop of competition, the rise of online classes and the increasing number of institutions in the countries where the education is to be exported. The University currently ranks at position 873 out of 1279 institutions in terms of popularity among international students. Perhaps it is the little popularity that affects its market share in the pool of international students whose number is approximately 1.1 million.
Service to be Exported
Apart from in-class lectures, the University exports research skills and consultancy services. As a learning center, WLU plays host to researchers who come to the school from other countries either as exchange students or research. The knowledge held by the university repository and its teaching staff is passed to these visitors who then take it with them to their countries (WLU n.p). When such an exchange happens, the visitors pay for the services of the host, whether as research students or graduate students. Additionally, studies and publications done by WLU faculty staff and students may be availed at a premium to other countries (WLU n.p). These countries may be those from where some of the international students come or not. In this light, there is both a defined and an undefined market for the products of the University. The defined products are the countries from where the international students have been enrolled while the undefined market are those countries from where publications may be sold without prior contact with the University.
Dean Chase has expressed to our group the University’s interest in recruiting additional international students to their MBA program, to both the online program and the in-person program, once launched. As such, the service in question to be exported is that of the course program and learnings stemming from the Masters of Business Administration program at West Liberty University. The marketing of this service, both in enrollment into WLU’s program and the potential gains the program has to offer students, will be the focus of our group and the export strategy developed.
Domestic Market
The student population at West Liberty University is largely comprised of Americans. Since inception in its old days as a private school, WLU was targeted at meeting the needs of West Virginia. However, as time went on, the institution moved from the constricted mandate of serving a state to a federal level (WLU n.p). The educational needs of the residents of West Virginia and the Union have constantly been fulfilled by the University. As of 2019, the University was home to an average of 2,500 students about 2,200 who were undergraduate students. The number was 97% Americans. The large number of Americans would be explained by the young age of WLU as a University and the relatively lower cost of higher education for Americans compared to students coming from other countries.
Competition
The main competitors of WLU are the old players in the United States. The first international student from the East to graduate in the US graduated from Yale from in 1854. This was only 17 years after the birth of WLU. Such institutions which have built themselves a name for centuries and which offer a wider range of faculties afford a very stiff competition to WLU (WLU n.p). In essence, institutions like Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Yale, Harvard and even those in the state of West Virginia like West Virginia University have better facilities and enroll a larger number of international students. In the business of knowledge, the alumni of an institution act as ambassadors of that institution. West Virginia University has a population of up to 30,000 students. An absolute average of 3% (as in WLU) would translate to a larger number of international students who then become ambassadors when they go back to their countries. This poses a stiff competition internally for WLU. Additionally, institutions similar to West Liberty University in class size, campus size, cost per credit hour, MBA program requirements and length, and location could pose as competition to WLU.
Institutions in the country face competition from Colleges and Universities in other countries. With a rising number of graduates from American universities, especially Chinese and Kuwaiti students, there is likely to be a decrease in enrolment soon. As more of them graduate, they gain the knowledge sufficient and necessary for them to set up schools of American standards in their own countries. Jeffrey R. Brown from University of Illinois notes that universities may be forced to take up insurance to protect them from loss of income in the face of dropping enrolments of international students (WLU n.p). The export market keeps surging. This is an indication that the share of West Liberty University and American universities at large, in the international market is threatened by competition from other countries like England. The threat on enrolment translates to a threat in income from the services rendered to the external market (Hale n.p). The reputation of universities like Oxford would sell it ahead of WLU to international students.
Management Team
The management of West Liberty University is an elaborate structure comprised of various disciplines. The managers at all levels are parties that are experienced in their fields and in leadership. At the apex is the Board of Directors, chaired by Richard Lucas. Apart from being the Chairperson to the Board of Governors at West Liberty University, Richard is the President and Chief Executive Officer at Main Street Bank in Wheeling, West Virginia (WLU n.p). This has allowed him to steer the Board with financial wisdom that would place them at a strategically safe position in the face of uncertain enrollment of international students. Being an alumnus of WLU, Richard has offered the management of the Board and the University visionary leadership aimed at keeping the legacy and the income generated by the institution in steady flow.
The President of the University, Dr. Franklin Evans holds the record as the first Black president of the University in its 183-year history. West Liberty University will tremendously benefit from the leadership of Dr. Evans, supported by various heads or departments who are equally competent and knowledgeable in various fields. For instance, Mihaela Szabo who heads international admissions has a vast wealth of knowledge in partnership creation and management, having worked in various quarters since 2002. Most importantly to our research and strategy of exporting MBA services from West Liberty University is Dean Gregory Chase, Ph.D., Dean of the Gary E. West College of Business. As a Professor of Economics/Finance at the University, and in his role as Dean, Dean Chase has and will continue to provide the College, the University, and our group with the necessary resources, information and support to help West Liberty University achieve their export goals.
Production Capabilities
West Liberty is export ready, both in terms of physical structures and the skills required to export knowledge. The export products in the education realm includes the facilities and the human resources that work with the facilities to drive the education and learning agenda with a view of attracting more students (WLU n.p). More students translate to higher income in terms of tuition fees. To those that may not be residents, if there are good facilities that can be used in studies like medical research, an institution will attract many research students who may pay for the facilities they use in their research studies. West Liberty University is well placed in both aspects to execute its mandate of exporting education as a service.
The institution has small classes. The student to lecturer ration stands at 15:1 across the 70 majors. The small class sizes mean there is a higher contact time between the learners and the lecturers. The average class size at WLU is 25 students. This small number enables the students to have better student caucuses for better consultation among themselves. Learners can choose from the over 70 majors at undergraduate level or the highly competitive graduate degree programs (WLU n.p). With these wide choice arrays and good facilities in both academic and co-curricular activities for athletes, the university is well capable of meeting the dream upon which it walks in its mission of providing its students the opportunity for a high quality undergraduate, graduate, and professional education through appropriate formats and venues.
Existing Marketing Strategies
West Liberty University’s Masters of Business Administration program is currently marketed primarily online, particularly when it comes to marketing to international students. Information specific to the program’s requirements for international applicants are clearly outlined on the West Liberty University MBA program webpage. The university has an International Student Office, which provides resources on admission, programs, finances and scholarships, activities and policies. Per Dean Chase, Mihaela Szabo, Director of International Enrollment Services and International Student Advisor, focuses on undergraduate recruitment.
According to Dean Chase and West Liberty, the price per credit hour within the Masters of Business Administration program is approximately $460 for domestic students and $550 for international students. (West Liberty University) The MBA program at West Liberty University requires 30 completed credit hours for graduation, making the total academic financial cost for the program between $13,950 and $16,500, depending on nationality. (West Liberty University) According to AffordableCollegesOnline.org, “The average cost per credit hour is $841 for in-state tuition and $963 for out-of-state, with the average tuition cost ranging from $35,489.27 for in-state students to $39,842.20 for out-of-state students.” (Affordable Colleges Online Staff) In comparing national averages with West Liberty’ price per credit hour, the MBA program less than half the national average.
Existing Financial Capabilities and Strategies
Dean Chase mentioned that his budget includes $2,500 for marketing, which could be allocated at his discretion to support export strategies. While those funds are available for use at Dean Chase’s discretion, additional funds can be invested, and would need to be outlined, vetted and justified to the Board of Directors. In addition to University mandated financial support of marketing efforts, the University partners, through the International Student Office, to assist international students in identifying scholarships, grants, and financial aid to assist in pursuit of an MBA. This existing structure allows for potential marketing of the MBA program to prospective students, while providing financial assistance to help the students achieve success in the program.
Availability of Existing Human Capital Resources
As previously mentioned, the university has an International Student Office, which provides resources on admission, programs, finances and scholarships, activities and policies. Per Dean Chase, Mihaela Szabo, Director of International Enrollment Services and International Student Advisor, focuses on undergraduate recruitment of international students. Ms. Szabo’s experience and current efforts in attracting undergraduate students to West Liberty University could be replicated and expanded to include international students, both in the recruitment of new students and in the enrollment of undergraduate students to graduate programs, upon graduation.
In addition to Ms. Szabo, Dean Chase also mentioned the existing recruitment network of international faculty that recruits students to attend West Liberty. As Dean Chase described, WLU’s international faculty often serves as a conduit to recruit international students to the university through the faculty’s connections and networks. Utilization and maximization of this network, combined with targeted efforts on behalf of Ms. Szabo and the International Student Office can provide a solid network of human capital resources that can be implemented into the export strategy to attract students to WLU.
Environmental Variables that may Impact West Liberty University
At present, West Liberty’s Masters of Business Administration program is only offered online, though on campus options should be available in August 2021. The variety of class options requires diverse technological components that must be considered and addressed in recruiting international students. Particularly in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, online learning options can provide students access to course work and academic opportunities not previously available.
Dean Chase spoke in length about the opportunities a United States graduate degree can provide to international students. In attracting international students to higher education institutions in the United States, institutions must be aware of the legal requirements necessary to admit, including Proof of English Proficiency tests, certification of Passport ID and Immunizations. As such, higher education institutions like West Liberty must always track political environments within the countries their international students are from and the relationship between those countries and the United States, in order to protect and provide for their students.
Country Our Company Would Like To Export To
After speaking with Dean Chase, our team agreed that one particular country of focus that we would like to target is Kuwait. Kuwait is a country that we would like to direct our attention to as it is an excellent opportunity for exporting West Liberty University’s educational services. Not only do we have members within our group from Kuwait, Dean Chase also lived there for a period in time, thus giving us plenty of insight into what prospective students of that country are looking for. After many discussions, we found that the number one reason that students from that country seek a higher education in the United States is that a degree here has many benefits. These benefits include global recognition, diversity, student life, an opportunity to improve your career opportunities, and many more.
Second Country Our Team Would Like To Export To
Aside from the wonderful country of Kuwait, there are hundreds of other countries that we could target further; however, in talking with Dean Chase, we settled on China as our second country of focus. The primary reason our team chose China is simply due to the numbers. China has a tremendous population bringing about many opportunities for those students looking to gain an education from a University in the United States. Our team believes that West Liberty University has appealing qualities that would be beneficial in attracting prospective students from China as well as Kuwait. West Liberty University is a smaller school but compared to the universities that are bigger, WLU offers a much more personalized and affordable experience, while still remaining an accredited institution.
Level of Management Commitment to Exporting
Our team’s biggest contact throughout the process is Dean Chase. He is overseeing our project and making himself available as a primary resource for us to use in order to achieve not only our goals but his as well. We have his direct participation as we move through our timeline for the project. As West Liberty University’s Dean for the Business College, Dean Chase has a strong desire and commitment to bring international students to WLU’s MBA programs with the possibility of doing so through our team’s export marketing proposal. His commitment to exporting is unwavering as he instills his trust in our group to get the job done.
Perception of Export Readiness by the Management
Based on our preliminary research and the discussions our team had with Dean Chase, we gained a strong foundational understanding of the Export Marketing task that is ahead of us. We are fully aware of what West Liberty University has to offer and we now know who our target audience is. Dean Chase is on board and optimistic regarding our ability to seek a solution for his College of Business endeavors. As a team, the perception we have towards our export readiness is hopeful. We have the utmost confidence that we will be able to succeed in bringing international students to West Liberty University’s MBA programs. From what we can see so far, there are a few challenges but nothing seems too severe to handle and ultimately we see incredible potential for WLU moving forward.
Works Cited
WLU. “West Liberty University.” West Liberty University: An Affordable Public College Near Wheeling, WV. Accessed 25 Jan. 2021. <https://westliberty.edu/>
West Liberty University. “MBA Tuition.” 2020. West Liberty University Gary E. West College of Business. January 2021. <https://westliberty.edu/westbusiness/programs/online-mba/tuition/>.
Affordable Colleges Online Staff. “What Does an Online MBA Cost? Paying for Tuition, Fees & Other Common Expenses.” 8 December 2020. Affordable Colleges Online. January 2021. <https://www.affordablecollegesonline.org/degrees/mba-programs/online-mba-cost/>.
While West Liberty University might have a strong local market, it should also target other countries to achieve its mission and increase competitiveness. Markets beyond the borders, in the developed and developing countries, will help the company to grow and increase it s revenue. One of the foreign markets of the company is Kuwait, selected since some members of the team are from the country. Besides, Dean Chase, having been in the country for some years, agrees that Kuwait is a suitable market for West Liberty University’s educational services. The demand for US’ educational services in Kuwait is high due to benefits, such as global recognition, diversity, student life, and opportunities to improve career opportunities. Thus, while many other countries could provide an export opportunity for West Liberty University, Kuwait is the most effective due to demand for external skills and expertise and the country’s culture that support education
Kuwait Country Profile
The country is a legal sovereign state in the Gulf region, which boarders Saudi Arabia and Iraq. Regardless of challenges in the Gulf region, the state has upheld a neutral stand, which has made it favorable for investment and multilateral trading relationships and political connections with others in the region and the international community. Besides, Kuwait has made considerable efforts to diversity its economic development and decrease its reliance on revenue from oil resources (Bazoobandi 5). As a result, the country has increased its demand for technology and expanded its infrastructure development projects. The government has opened doors for the participation and investment of the private sector in the economy. Furthermore, current and future development projects will continue to integrate the country into the international economy and enhance its competitiveness in global affairs. Thus, the country is a suitable target for the company’s products and services as it seeks to expand its economy through skills and expertise development.
Cultural Characteristics of Kuwait
Kuwaiti cultural characteristics include conservative social values and traditions, but the country has accepted various elements of western culture, such as education. Regardless of the acceptance of external beliefs, the cultural practices remain relatively the same. The country is primarily Muslim and Islamic law plays a key role in economic, political and social lives (Mahgoub 166). Thus, any western influence in the country should accept such religious values that guide all relationships in Kuwait. The culture also embraces strong social connections, such as with family and friends. Kuwait is an interesting state with a risk culture and history as well as welcoming to visitors. Hence, the country will be a suitable host for West Liberty University and its products and services.
The Customers/Market(s)
Considering that the company deals with knowledge and skills, it will target customers in need of such products. The firm will market its products in Kuwait to consumers seeking courses in Business Administration and Management, and Health Sciences like Dental Hygiene and Registered Nursing. Therefore, it will focus on undergraduate and post-graduate students seeking a degree from abroad in the referred courses. One of the decisions that will affect the company in the target market is whether or not the institution will provide online classes to eliminate the cost of traveling and maintenance. The company aims at increasing its enrolment of students from Kuwait to over 100 in the next few years. Thus, the management will engage in extensive marketing to appeal to the target market niche.
Competition
Being a higher learning institution, serving local and international markets, West Liberty University experiences a high level of competition in Kuwait. The primary competitors are higher learning institutions in the US that target international students, such as Yale, Harvard, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The competitors are strong since they have built an international reputation over the years. Besides, the institutions, together with others such as the West Virginia University have superior facilities and accommodate high numbers of international students. Therefore, West Liberty University has created superior programs and online platforms to create a competitive edge over the leading higher learning institutions in the country (WLU). West Liberty University anticipates to appeal to international students by offering superior research programs, skills and expertise that Kuwait requires to build a strong diverse economy.
Management Team
The management team includes individuals in the US and Kuwait who understand the target market well enough to create a strong revenue base. The current management has an elaborate structure comprised of various disciplines. The managers understand the local and international market, especially the conditions necessary to market the university’s programs to international students in Kuwait and other countries. The chair of the board, Richard Lucas, is also the President and Chief Executive Officer at Main Street Bank in Wheeling, West Virginia (WLU). The knowledge allow him to create and lead the strategic direction for the institution. He has business expertise that will enable him to venture into the international market successfully. The management will also include representatives in the target market to provide a deeper understanding of what the market needs and how the company can address them.
Changes in Production Capabilities
When a company moves its products or services to another country or market, it requires changes to align them to the emerging needs. Thus, West Liberty University will customize its course and the available skills and expertise to the needs of the Kuwait culture and economy. One of the major changes in the production capabilities is creation of new products that will support the need for technology and infrastructure development projects to support the country in diversifying its economy (Bazoobandi 5). Besides, the company will appeal to the Kuwait market by providing business programs that continue to open its economy to international business and foreign investment. Such changes will not only appeal to the market, but also increase enrolment and competitive advantage by addressing the market’s current needs.
Changes in Marketing Capabilities and Strategies
Changes will be necessary when targeting the Kuwait market since the market is different from the US. The products, especially online courses will be customized to new market needs, such as technology and the need to open the country to foreign trade and investment. Besides, being an emerging market, the prices of the product should be slightly lower than for local students to attract more international students. For example, online programs should cost lower than on-campus courses offered in the US. The campus will use social media and international media to promote its courses to international students, while distribution will become more online. However, the company will open its doors to international students willing to come and study in the US. Thus, the marketing for its products in Kuwait will change to respond to the needs of the emerging market.
Financial Requirements
The expansion of products and services to the international market requires additional financial resources to participate in exporting. Thus, West Liberty University’s management should be prepared to invest in new courses and online platforms to expand its operations in Kuwait. One of the areas that requires additional finances is human capital development. The company will increase its employees to meet the exportation needs and provide adequate skills and expertise development. Another area of additional financial investment is increase in online courses to meet the needs of students who will engage in distance learning. The management will also invest in scholarships, whenever necessary, to meet the needs of some needy international students as part of its corporate social responsibility and improve its image in the community. Therefore, West Liberty University will invest additional finances to support exportation of its products in Kuwait.
Additional Human Capital Resources
While West Liberty University has adequate human resources, including educators and researchers, increased marketing to Kuwait for international students will require additional human capital. To gain a competitive advantage buy offering superior products and services, the company will employ individuals with a deeper knowledge of the target market. For example, the company will require Kuwaiti educators and researchers to meet the needs of students from the country and ensure that products and services are customized to such needs. However, the company will diversify its human resource team to avoid discrimination and bias. The management will employ to address the emerging need and close the gap between the current and new skills and expertise to support Kuwaiti students.
Differences in Environmental Variables
The Kuwaiti environment differs from that of the US from political, economic, social, technological, and legal perspectives. Regardless of political unrest in the region, Kuwait manages to maintain stability, which is a key driver in its economic development. Although like the US and other countries Kuwait is affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, the impact on online courses is minimal as international students can continue their studies. Kuwait has embraced technology, which plays a key role in achieving development through business and educational online endeavors (Market Publishers). Social and legal perspectives are suitable for the company as long as the courses respect the Islamic law and religious traditions. Thus, West Liberty University will create a strong business base in Kuwait by understanding how the environment differs from the US and creating customized products.
Access the Potential Demand
The demand for western education in Kuwait is high and will affect West Liberty University’s performance in the target market. Many international students from the country are seeking western education to become competitive in the job market locally and internationally. Kuwaiti students are open to foreign influence since the government embraces foreign trade and investment. Thus, along with changes in the country’s economic environment and the openness in the market creates considerable demand for West Liberty University’s products and services. Besides, considering the current trend in enrollment, the management recognizes that with extensive marketing, it will attract more students from Kuwait. The demand will grow in the future, making West Liberty University one of the competitive higher learning institutions in the market.
Works Cited
Bazoobandi, Sara. The political economy of the Gulf sovereign wealth funds: a case study of Iran, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. Routledge, 2013.
Mahgoub, Yasser. “Architecture and the expression of cultural identity in Kuwait.” The Journal of Architecture, voll. 12, no.2, 2007, pp. 165-182.
Market Publishers, Kuwait PESTEL Analysis – Comprehensive Country Outlook, 2021. Accessed 11 Feb. 2021. https://marketpublishers.com/r/K8FCF53CA1CFEN.html
WLU. “West Liberty University.” West Liberty University: An Affordable Public College Near Wheeling, WV. Accessed 11 Feb. 2021. . <https://westliberty.edu/>
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